Here is a white-LED-based emergency
light that offers the following advantages:
1. It is highly bright due to the use of white LEDs.
2. The light turns on automatically when mains supply fails, and turns
off when mains power resumes.
3. It has its own battery charger. When the battery is fully charged,
charging stops automatically.
The circuit comprises two sections: charger power supply and LED
driver.The charger power supply section is
built around 3-terminal adjustable regulator (IC1) LM317, while the LED
driver section is built around transistor BD140(T2). In the charger
power supply section, input AC mains is stepped down by transformer to
deliver 9V, 500mA to the bridge rectifier, which comprises diodes
(IN4007x4). Filter capacitor (25v/1000uf)eliminates ripples. Unregulated
DC voltage is fed to input pin 3 of IC1 and provides charging current
through diode IN4007(D5) and limiting resistor (16ohm)R16. By adjusting
preset 2.2K(VR1), the output voltage can be adjusted to deliver the
required charging current. When the battery gets charged to 6.8V, zener
diode conducts and charging current from regulator (IC1) finds a path
through transistor BC547(T1) to ground and it stops charging of the
battery. The LED driver section uses a total of twelve 10mm white LEDs.
All the LEDs are connected in parallel with a 100-ohm resistor in series
with each. The common-anode junction of all the twelve LEDs is connected
to the collector of pnp transistor T2 and the emitter of transistor T2
is directly connected to the positive terminal of 6V battery. The
unregulated DC voltage, produced at the cathode junction of
Bridge(Diodes), is fed to the base of transistor T2 through a 1k
resistor. When mains power is available, the base of transistor T2
remains high and T2 does not conduct. Thus LEDs are off. On the other
hand, when mains fails, the base of transistor T2 becomes low and it
conducts. This makes all the LEDs (LED1 through LED12) glow. The mains
power supply, when available, charges the battery and keeps the LEDs off
as transistor T2 remains cut-off. During mains failure, the charging
section stops working and the battery supply makes the LEDs glow.
Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a cabinet
with enough space for battery and switches. Mount the LEDs on the
cabinet such that they light up the room. A hole in the cabinet should
be drilled to connect 230V AC input for the primary of the transformer.
I have tested the circuit with twelve 10mm white LEDs.You can use more
LEDs provided the total current consumption does not exceed 1.5A. Driver
transistor T2 can deliver up to 1.5A with proper heat-sink arrangement.
gmx.us - extremecircuits.net
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